Minna no Nihongo Lesson 34 Grammar
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V1 dictionary form / V1た-form / Nの +とおりに、V2
1) V1とおりに、V2
This means to copy exactly in words or actions (V2) what one has heard, seen, read or learnt, etc. (V1).
わたしがやるとおりに、やってください。
Please do as I do.
わたしが言うとおりに、書いてください。
Please write down what I say as it is.
見たとおりに、話してください。
Please tell us what you saw as it was.
The dictionary form is used when the action denoted by V1 is going to be done from now, and the た-form is used when the action denoted by V1 has already been done.
2) Nのとおりに、 V
This means that an action (V) is done in accordance with the manner shown by the preceding phrase.
線のとおりに、紙を切ってください。
Please cut the paper following the line.
説明書のとおりに、組み立てました。
I assembled it according to the handbook.
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V1た-form / Nの + あとで、V2
This sentence pattern means the action or occurrence denoted by V2 takes place after the action or occurrence denoted by V1 or N has taken place.
新しいのを買ったあとで、なくした時計が見つかりました。
After I bought a new watch, I found the one I’d lost.
仕事のあとで、飲みに行きませんか。
Shall we go and have a drink after work?
Compared with Vて-formから, which has a similar meaning, Vた-form あとでemphasizes the time context in which the respective events happen.
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V1て-form / V1ない-formないで + V2
V1 is an action or condition which accompanies the action denoted by V2.
しょうゆをつけて食べます。
We eat it with soy sauce.
しょうゆをつけないで食べます。
We eat it without soy sauce.
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V1ない-form ないで + V2
This pattern is used when the speaker indicates a course of action taken out of two alternative possibilities presented.
日曜日はどこも行かないで、うちでゆっくり休みます。
Next Sunday I won’t go anywhere. I will rest at home instead.
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