Minna No Nihongo Lesson 25 Grammar
Minna No Nihongo Lesson 25 Grammar
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Plain past form ら、~
If …
When らis attached to the past tense plain form of verbs, adjectives, etc., it changes the preceding clause into a conditional expression. When a speaker wants to state his opinion, situation, request, etc., in the conditional, this pattern is used.
お金があったら、旅行します。
If I had money, I would travel.
時間がなかったら、テレビを見ません。
If I don’t have time, I will not watch TV.
安かったら、パソコンを買いたいです。
If it’s inexpensive, I want to buy a personal computer.
暇だったら、手伝ってください。
If you are free, please give me a hand.
いい天気だったら、散歩しませんか。
If it’s fine, won’t you take a walk with me?
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Vた-formら、~
When …/After …
This pattern is used to express that a certain action will be done or a certain situation will appear when a matter, action or state which is sure to happen in the future has been completed or achieved. The main sentence is always in the present tense.
10時になったら、出かけましょう。
Let’s go out when it gets to ten.
うちへ帰ったら、すぐシャワーを浴びます。
I take a shower soon after I return home.
3.
Vて-formい-adj (~い ) → ~くてな-adj [な] → でNで |
も、~ |
Even if … |
This expression is used to present a reverse condition. Contrary to plain past form ら、~, this expression is used when an action which is expected to be taken or an event which is expected to happen naturally under the given circumstances does not materialize or a thing turns out in a way opposite to a socially accepted idea.
雨が降っても、洗濯します。
Even if it rains, I’ll do the laundry.
安くても、わたしはグループ旅行が嫌いです。
Even if group tours are expensive, I don’t like them.
便利でも、パソコンを使いません。
Even if a personal computer is useful, I won’t use it.
日曜日でも、働きます。
Even if it is Sunday, I will work.
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もしandいくら
もしis used in a sentence in the plain past form to indicate beforehand that the sentence is going to present a condition, while いくらis used with ~ても(~でも)to do the same. もしimplies that an emphasis is on the speaker’s supposition while いくらis meant to stress the degree of conditionality.
もし一億円あったら、いろいろな国を旅行したいです。
If I had 100 million yen, I would want to travel to various countries.
いくら考えても、わかりません。
No matter how much I think, I can’t understand this.
いくら高くても、買います。
No matter how expensive it is, I will buy it.
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Nが
As mentioned in Lesson 16, 4. [Note], the subject of a subordinate clause is indicated by が. In subordinate clause using たら, ても, とき, と, まえに, etc., in addition to から, the subject is indicated by が, as shown below.
友達が来るまえに、部屋を掃除します。
I will clean my room before my friends come.
妻が病気のとき、会社を休みます。
When my wife is sick, I take a day off work.
友達が約束の時間に来なかったら、どうしますか。
If your friend doesn’t come on time, what will you do?
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