Nihongo Nihongo
Minna No Nihongo Lesson 31 Grammar
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Volitional form
The volitional form of verbs is made as follows.
Group I: Replace the sound of the ます-form with the sound in the お-line of the same row and attach う.
Group II: Attach ようto the ます-form.
Group III: しますbecomesしよう , and きますbecomes こよう.
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How to use the volitional form.
1) In plain style sentences
The volitional form is used instead of ～しましょうin plain style sentences.
ちょっと休まない？
うん、休もう。
Shall we take a rest?
Yes, let’s.
少し休もうか。
How about taking a rest for a while?
手伝おうか。
Shall I help you?
2) V volitional form と思っています
This sentence pattern is used to express what the speaker is thinking of doing. V volitional form とおもいますcan also express a similar meaning. V volitional formとおもっています implies that the speaker’s decision was made some time ago.
週末は海に行こうと思っています。
I’m thinking of going to the beach at the weekend.
今から銀行へ行こうと思います。
I’m going to the bank now.
[Note] V volitional formとおもっています can be used to express a third person’s will or intention.彼は外国で働こうと思っています。
He is thinking of working in a foreign country.
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V dictionary form つもりです
Vない-formない つもりです
V dictionary formつもりです is used to express the speaker’s intention of doing something, and Vない-formない つもりですis used to express the speaker’s intention of not doing something.
国へ帰っても、柔道を続けるつもりです。
Even when I go back to my country, I’ll continue with my judo.
あしたからはタバコを吸わないつもりです。
I’m determined not to smoke from tomorrow.
[Note] Compared with V volitional formとおもっています , V dictionary form つもりですsounds more determined.-
V dictionary form予定です
Nの予定です
By using this sentence pattern, you can inform people of schedules.
７月の終わりにドイツへ出張する予定です。
I’m scheduled to go on a business trip to Germany at the end of July.
旅行は１週間ぐらいの予定です。
The trip is scheduled to last for a week.
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まだVて-formいません
This sentence pattern means that something has not taken place or has not been done yet.
銀行は、まだ開いていません。
The bank is not open yet.
レポートはもう書きましたか。
いいえ、まだ書いていません。
Have you written the report yet?
No, not yet.
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こ～／そ～
In writing, a demonstrative belonging to the そ-series, is used when a word(s) or a sentence(s) mentioned before is referred to. Sometimes, however, a demonstrative belonging to the こ-series is used instead. In this case, the writer wants to describe something to the reader as though it really existed then and there.
東京にない物が１つだけある。それは美しい自然だ。
There’s one thing missing in Tokyo. And that’s beautiful nature.
わたしがいちばん欲しい物は[どこでもドア」です。このドアを開けると、どこでも行きたい所へ行けます。
What I want most is a “magic door”. When you open this door, you can go anywhere you want.
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